Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 376

会议视频 13

会议信息 1

年份

2023 43

2022 45

2021 44

2020 34

2019 32

2018 14

2017 23

2016 18

2015 18

2014 23

2013 7

2012 13

2011 10

2010 7

2009 15

2008 5

2007 11

2006 2

2005 1

2004 2

展开︾

关键词

临床试验 6

肠道菌群 6

人工智能 5

COVID-19 3

中药 3

临床特征 3

医学 3

临床医学 2

免疫疗法 2

前沿技术与中医药创新发展 2

医学教育 2

增材制造 2

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19） 2

有效性 2

机器学习 2

高性能制造 2

1 1

2-基展开 1

2019-nCoV 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Biological properties and clinical applications of berberine

Danyang Song, Jianyu Hao, Daiming Fan

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 564-582 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0724-6

摘要： Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb and other plants, has a wide range of pharmacological properties. Berberine can be used to treat many diseases, such as cancer and digestive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Berberine has protective capacities in digestive diseases. It can inhibit toxins and bacteria, including , protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury, and ameliorate liver injury. Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence has confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapies. In addition, berberine regulates glycometabolism and lipid metabolism, improves energy expenditure, reduces body weight, and alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Berberine also improves cardiovascular hemodynamics, suppresses ischemic arrhythmias, attenuates the development of atherosclerosis, and reduces hypertension. Berberine shows potent neuroprotective effects, including antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-ischemic. Furthermore, berberine exerts protective effects against other diseases. The mechanisms of its functions have been extensively explored, but much remains to be clarified. This article summarizes the main pharmacological actions of berberine and its mechanisms in cancer and digestive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.

关键词： berberine Coptis chinensis pharmacological properties mechanism clinical applications

HTML PDF 收藏

Current applications of artificial intelligence for intraoperative decision support in surgery

Allison J. Navarrete-Welton, Daniel A. Hashimoto

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 369-381 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0784-7

摘要： Research into medical artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advances in recent years, including surgical applications. This scoping review investigated AI-based decision support systems targeted at the intraoperative phase of surgery and found a wide range of technological approaches applied across several surgical specialties. Within the twenty-one ( =21) included papers, three main categories of motivations were identified for developing such technologies: (1) augmenting the information available to surgeons, (2) accelerating intraoperative pathology, and (3) recommending surgical steps. While many of the proposals hold promise for improving patient outcomes, important methodological shortcomings were observed in most of the reviewed papers that made it difficult to assess the clinical significance of the reported performance statistics. Despite limitations, the current state of this field suggests that a number of opportunities exist for future researchers and clinicians to work on AI for surgical decision support with exciting implications for improving surgical care.

关键词： artificial intelligence decision support clinical decision support systems intraoperative deep learning computer vision machine learning surgery

HTML PDF 收藏

Clinical applications of neurolinguistics in neurosurgery

Peng Wang, Zehao Zhao, Linghao Bu, Nijiati Kudulaiti, Qiao Shan, Yuyao Zhou, N. U. Farrukh Hameed, Yangming Zhu, Lei Jin, Jie Zhang, Junfeng Lu, Jinsong Wu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 562-574 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0771-z

摘要： The protection of language function is one of the major challenges of brain surgery. Over the past century, neurosurgeons have attempted to seek the optimal strategy for the preoperative and intraoperative identification of language-related brain regions. Neurosurgeons have investigated the neural mechanism of language, developed neurolinguistics theory, and provided unique evidence to further understand the neural basis of language functions by using intraoperative cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation. With the emergence of modern neuroscience techniques and dramatic advances in language models over the last 25 years, novel language mapping methods have been applied in the neurosurgical practice to help neurosurgeons protect the brain and reduce morbidity. The rapid advancements in brain–computer interface have provided the perfect platform for the combination of neurosurgery and neurolinguistics. In this review, the history of neurolinguistics models, advancements in modern technology, role of neurosurgery in language mapping, and modern language mapping methods (including noninvasive neuroimaging techniques and invasive cortical electroencephalogram) are presented.

关键词： neurolinguistics language mapping dual pathway model neurosurgery

HTML PDF 收藏

调节性T细胞及其在抗肿瘤免疫疗法中的临床应用 Review

解丰, 梁瑞, 李丹, 李斌

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第1期页码 132-139 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.12.002

摘要：

癌症是可能危及生命的疾病，特点在于肿瘤细胞在宿主身上无限增殖。最近，因其具有预防肿瘤进展和转移的巨大潜力，免疫疗法受到越来越多研究者的关注。调节性T 细胞（Treg）是对维持宿主免疫稳态起重要作用的抑制性CD4+ T 细胞的一个亚群。调节性T 细胞缺陷可引起严重的自身免疫、过敏和自身炎症等疾病。调节性T 细胞通常富集在肿瘤微环境中，而大量免疫抑制调节性T细胞往往表明预后较差。因此，人们对调节性T 细胞的功能及其在抗肿瘤免疫疗法中的临床应用再次产生了兴趣。越来越多的策略关注调节性T 细胞的消耗，这在抗肿瘤免疫方面似乎有效。预计调节性T 细胞靶向策略与其他疗法（如嵌合抗原受体T 细胞疗法或免疫检查点阻断）联用将为提高抗肿瘤疗效带来重大机遇。

关键词：调节性T细胞癌症免疫疗法

HTML PDF 收藏

麻醉与意识的脑网络研究进展——框架与临床应用 Review

刘军, 董康立, 孙毅, Ioannis Kakkos, 黄帆, 王国正, 齐鹏, 陈星, 张德林, Anastasios Bezerianos, 孙煜

《工程（英文）》 2023年第20卷第1期页码 77-95 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.013

摘要：

尽管麻醉与意识之间的关系一直是研究者关注的重点，但目前学界对于麻醉与意识的神经机制理解仍处在初级阶段，极大地限制了麻醉监测和意识评估系统的进一步发展。此外，现有麻醉监测方法难以提供足够的有效信息，对精准麻醉监测的目标构成了障碍。近年来，使用脑网络分析揭示麻醉机制已成为研究热点，其目的是为临床应用提供新的研究思路。针对这一新的研究趋势，本文全面回顾了麻醉相关脑网络研究的最新进展，系统地比较了麻醉和意识的几种潜在的神经机制以及不同层面大脑神经活动的测量方法；从皮层碎片化理论出发，介绍了连通性和网络分析的一些重要的研究方法和相关成果；在总结归纳现有研究成果的基础上，论证了全脑多模态网络数据可以提供现有麻醉监测方法所无法提供的信息；更重要的是，进一步探讨简化脑网络分析方法的可行性，这一方法将会在优化现有的临床麻醉监测系统中发挥重要作用。

关键词：麻醉脑网络连通性图论分析临床监测系统

HTML PDF 收藏

类器官技术及其在消化系统肿瘤的临床应用 Review

赵晓芳, 姜有海, 刘春良, 侯明慧, 王红阳, 付静

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 123-130 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.017

摘要：

消化系统肿瘤包括食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌和胰腺癌，在全球的发病率和死亡率都很高。由于目前的肿瘤研究模型不能完全模拟原始肿瘤的关键特征，常导致基础研究不能转化用于临床实践。肿瘤发病机制的探索和抗癌药物的开发迫切需要更优化的肿瘤模型。类器官来源于组织和多能干细胞，是体外培养的三维自组织型的器官结构，准确地模拟了原始组织的组织学特征和遗传异质性。利用肿瘤患者的组织可以高效地建立正常和肿瘤类器官。本文总结并讨论了消化系统类器官的构建方法，及其作为一种新模型在基础癌症研究、临床前实践和个性化治疗中的应用。

关键词：类器官消化系统肿瘤个性化治疗

HTML PDF 收藏

Special issue: Innovative applications of big data and artificial intelligence

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第4期页码 517-519 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0234-0

HTML PDF 收藏

Ontological reconstruction of the clinical terminology of traditional Chinese medicine

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 358-361 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0348-9

摘要：

This study proposes the ontological reconstruction of the current clinical terminology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It also provides an overview of preliminary work related to the said reconstruction, including the ontology-based analysis of TCM clinical terminology. We conclude that the ontological reconstruction of TCM clinical terminology provides a proper translation from the idealized organizational model to real-world implementation and to a formalized, shared, and knowledge-based framework.

关键词： ontology traditional Chinese medicine clinical terminology

HTML PDF 收藏

免疫调节细胞生物学及其在急性移植物抗宿主病预防或治疗中的临床应用 Review

Bruce R. Blazar

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第1期页码 98-105 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.016

摘要：

预防和治疗移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）最常见的方法是尝试耗竭或抑制能介导或支持同种异体反应的T细胞；但这会导致T细胞受体功能缺陷，并因此对感染和肿瘤复发高度敏感。通常通过广泛使用反应性抗体来实现耗竭，而功能损坏通常在使用需长期给药（一般为6个月或更长时间）且具有明显副作用的药物后发生，这种药物可能不会导致供体T细胞对耐调节方案且携带宿主同种抗原的细胞产生耐受性（即无反应性）。随着对免疫系统稳态认识的深化，我们已能鉴定和表征具有免疫调节功能的细胞群。虽然这种细胞群通常比较少见，但可通过分离和扩增此类细胞的方法在移植后晚期增补供体移植物或进行输注，来抑制GVHD。本文将探讨GVHD模型中的生物学和临床前概念验证，以及现已发展至临床测试阶段的免疫调节细胞疗法对GVHD的疗效。

关键词：移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）免疫调节细胞细胞疗法

HTML PDF 收藏

The clinical impact of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with a biatrial orthotopic heart transplant

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 527-533 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0967-5

摘要： In this study, we aim to elucidate the clinical impact and long-term course of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), taking into account its dynamic nature, after biatrial orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). All consecutive adult patients undergoing biatrial OHT (1984−2017) with an available follow-up echocardiogram were included. Mixed-models were used to model the evolution of TR. The mixed-model was inserted into a Cox model in order to address the association of the dynamic TR with mortality. In total, 572 patients were included (median age: 50 years, males: 74.9%). Approximately 32% of patients had moderate-to-severe TR immediately after surgery. However, this declined to 11% on 5 years and 9% on 10 years after surgery, adjusted for survival bias. Pre-implant mechanical support was associated with less TR during follow-up, whereas concurrent LV dysfunction was significantly associated with more TR during follow-up. Survival at 1, 5, 10, 20 years was 97% ± 1%, 88% ± 1%, 66% ± 2% and 23% ± 2%, respectively. The presence of moderate-to-severe TR during follow-up was associated with higher mortality (HR: 1.07, 95% CI (1.02–1.12), p = 0.006). The course of TR was positively correlated with the course of creatinine (R = 0.45). TR during follow-up is significantly associated with higher mortality and worse renal function. Nevertheless, probability of TR is the highest immediately after OHT and decreases thereafter. Therefore, it may be reasonable to refrain from surgical intervention for TR during earlier phase after OHT.

关键词： orthotopic heart transplant tricuspid regurgitation clinical impact biatrial heart transplantation

HTML PDF 收藏

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 340-348 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0570-3

摘要：

In light of the rapid increase in the number of obesity incidences worldwide, obesity has become an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is characterized by glomerulomegaly in the presence or absence of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. IgM and complement 3 (C3) nonspecifically deposit in lesions without immune-complex-type deposits during ORG immunofluorescence. ORG-associated glomerulomegaly and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis can superimpose on other renal pathologies. The mechanisms under ORG are complex, especially hemodynamic changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reduced functioning nephrons. These mechanisms synergize with obesity to induce end-stage renal disease. A slow increase of subnephrotic proteinuria (<3.5 g/d) is the most common clinical manifestation of ORG. Several treatment methods for ORG have been developed. Of these methods, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade and weight loss are proven effective. Targeting mitochondria may offer a novel strategy for ORG therapy. Nevertheless, more research is needed to further understand ORG.

HTML PDF 收藏

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update

Min Zhou, Xinxin Zhang, Jieming Qu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 126-135 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0767-8

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. It caused a total of 80 868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. As disease progressed, a series of complications tend to develop, especially in critically ill patients. Pathological findings showed representative features of acute respiratory distress syndrome and involvement of multiple organs. Apart from supportive care, no specific treatment has been established for COVID-19. The efficacy of some promising antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and tocilizumab needs to be investigated by ongoing clinical trials.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019 epidemiology pathology radiology clinical characteristics treatment

HTML PDF 收藏

Hypertension in patients with CKD in China: clinical characteristics and management

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 307-309 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0578-8

HTML PDF 收藏

Bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: facts and hopes from clinical and translational perspectives

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 551-573 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0928-z

摘要： Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and bone metastasis (BM) suffer from greatly reduced life quality and a dismal prognosis. However, BM in HCC has long been overlooked possibly due to its relatively low prevalence in previous decades. To date, no consensus or guidelines have been reached or formulated for the prevention and management of HCC BM. Our narrative review manifests the increasing incidence of HCC BM to sound the alarm for additional attention. The risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches of HCC BM are detailed to provide a panoramic view of this disease to clinicians and specialists. We further delineate an informative cancer bone metastatic cascade based on evidence from recent studies and point out the main factors responsible for the tumor-associated disruption of bone homeostasis and the formation of skeletal cancer lesions. We also present the advances in the pathological and molecular mechanisms of HCC BM to shed light on translational opportunities. Dilemmas and challenges in the treatment and investigation of HCC BM are outlined and discussed to encourage further endeavors in the exploration of underlying pathogenic and molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of novel effective therapies for HCC patients with BM.

关键词： HCC bone osteotropism clinical basic researches advances

HTML PDF 收藏

Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 617-648 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1015-9

摘要： Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

关键词： Heterogeneity tumor immune

HTML PDF 收藏

标题作者时间类型操作

Biological properties and clinical applications of berberine

Danyang Song, Jianyu Hao, Daiming Fan

期刊论文

Current applications of artificial intelligence for intraoperative decision support in surgery

Allison J. Navarrete-Welton, Daniel A. Hashimoto

期刊论文

Clinical applications of neurolinguistics in neurosurgery

Peng Wang, Zehao Zhao, Linghao Bu, Nijiati Kudulaiti, Qiao Shan, Yuyao Zhou, N. U. Farrukh Hameed, Yangming Zhu, Lei Jin, Jie Zhang, Junfeng Lu, Jinsong Wu

期刊论文

调节性T细胞及其在抗肿瘤免疫疗法中的临床应用

解丰, 梁瑞, 李丹, 李斌

期刊论文

麻醉与意识的脑网络研究进展——框架与临床应用

刘军, 董康立, 孙毅, Ioannis Kakkos, 黄帆, 王国正, 齐鹏, 陈星, 张德林, Anastasios Bezerianos, 孙煜

期刊论文

类器官技术及其在消化系统肿瘤的临床应用

赵晓芳, 姜有海, 刘春良, 侯明慧, 王红阳, 付静

期刊论文

Special issue: Innovative applications of big data and artificial intelligence

期刊论文